What is stress incontinence?

Stress incontinence can be uncomfortable and interfere with your daily life. It doesn’t have to be that way. With treatment, you can achieve bladder control and enjoy an active life again.

Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence. It happens when certain movements or activities put pressure on the urethra (tube where urine exits the body) and cause urine accidents. Many people experience stress incontinence when they:

  • Cough
  • Jump
  • Laugh
  • Lift weights
  • Run
  • Sneeze

Symptoms of stress incontinence

If you have stress incontinence, you may notice that you accidentally leak urine when you move or perform certain activities. The urine leakage may be an occasional drop or dribble if the condition is mild. In severe cases, you may leak a stream of urine.

Stress incontinence is different from overactive bladder (OAB). OAB causes a need to urinate often and an urgent need to urinate. OAB symptoms are not related to activity.

Causes of stress incontinence

Many people experience stress incontinence and bladder leakage as they get older. It is more common in females, but it affects males, too.

Stress incontinence happens when the muscles that support your urethra become weaker. The bladder or other organs may drop and put pressure on the urethra. Causes of weakened pelvic muscles include:

  • Childbirth
  • Menopause
  • Menstruation
  • Pregnancy
  • Surgery on the prostate, uterus or other pelvic organs

Diagnosing stress incontinence

Your doctor will ask you about your health history and symptoms and perform a physical exam. Your provider may also order tests to look at your bladder health, including:

  • Urine test: With a urine sample, doctors can check for infections or kidney problems.
  • Pelvic ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to take pictures of pelvic organs, including the bladder and urethra.
  • Bladder stress test: During a bladder stress test, your doctor has you wear a pad and strain or cough. This can measure how much the bladder is leaking.
  • Cystoscopy: Doctors insert a thin tool into the urethra that takes pictures of the inside of the bladder.
  • Video urodynamics (VUDS):This specialized imaging test measures bladder capacity and how well the bladder empties.

Stress incontinence treatment at Penn Medicine

Your treatment depends on the severity of your stress incontinence and personal preferences. Treatments may include:

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