What Is MOG Antibody Associated Disease?
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein believed to be important in the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system. In humans this protein is encoded by the MOG gene. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorders are still being defined by researchers. Neurologists once believed that MOG antibodies were involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) but now describe these MOG antibody disorders as distinct conditions. However, both MS and MOG are classified as neuroinflammatoy disorders.
Unlike other neuroinflammatory disorders, MOG disorders affect men and women almost equally and are more prevalent in children than adults.
MOG disorders tend to be less aggressive than other neuroinflammatory disorders, including neuromyelitis optica (NMO). You may only experience one MOG episode (monophasic), or they may be recurring (relapsing). These relapses can have long-term effects on the central nervous system (CNS), including gait and vision challenges.
MOG Antibody Associated Disease Symptoms
One way MOG can manifest is called acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). This condition can cause seizures, as well as symptoms that are typical of encephalitis:
- Headache
- Behavioral changes and confusion
- Changes in alertness or consciousness
- Focal neurologic symptoms such as visual changes, numbness and weakness
ADEM is much more common in children than adults and typically affects children under 10. In many cases, ADEM occurs just one time (monophasic), but it can occur more than once.
Diagnosis of MOG Antibody Associated Disease
Correctly diagnosing a MOG antibody disorder is critical. MOG disorders are diagnosed with a blood test that screens for the antibodies. MRI and lumbar puncture are also required to make the diagnosis.
MOG Antibody Associated Disease Treatment at Penn
Treatment often involves medications that alter the immune system to prevent further relapses. Not all patients require ongoing treatment, as many will only have one episode.
The Penn MS and Related Disorders Center also offers a number of patient support programs and resources, which play a crucial role in the management of MOG.
Penn Programs & Services for MOG Antibody Associated Disease
We provide evaluation, diagnosis and treatment for multiple sclerosis and associated disorders through our comprehensive multiple sclerosis program.