Ben Smood
Medical School: University of Alabama at Birmingham Undergraduate: University of Oregon

About Dr. Smood

Dr. Benjamin Smood is a fifth year Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery resident who is completing his Master’s of Science in Translational Research and has now transitioned into a PhD program in Cell and & Molecular Biology at the University of Pennsylvania. His translational research focuses on characterizing the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of lymphatic dysfunction and dysregulation in patients with congenital heart disease using large animal models, while also trying to develop novel surgical interventions for treating lymphatic failure in this unique patient population. Previously, Dr. Smood earned his Bachelor’s of Science in Political Science as well as Biology with Departmental Honors from the University of Oregon, where he graduated magna cum laude and was twice named an All-American in lacrosse. He then spent two years teaching 7th grade science with Teach for America in Camden, New Jersey before attending medical school. At the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, he graduated cum laude and was inducted into Alpha Omega Alpha. Now in his dedicated research time as an Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery Resident, Dr. Smood is completing his second year of a research fellowship at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Alongside his investigations into lymphatic failure, Dr. Smood has utilized swine models to understand optimal strategies for cerebral perfusion and neuromonitoring in children undergoing complex cardiac surgery and aortic arch procedures. Dr. Smood’s ultimate career goals are to become an excellent heart surgeon and translational researcher who specializes in the surgical care of children and adults living with congenital heart disease. His other research interests include mechanical circulatory support and transplantation. He hopes that growing his expertise in these areas of interest will allow him to establish a unique academic niche that can ultimately improve the quality of life and overall survival of children born with congenital heart defects as they grow into adulthood. Dr. Smood is also very active in organized medicine and legislative advocacy, and serves on several national committees, and serves on the Board of Trustees for the Philadelphia County Medical Society and Pennsylvania Medical Society.

Education

2015 -2019
MD - University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine - cum laude

2009 - 2013
BS - University of Oregon - magna cum laude

Societies

Committees and Appointments

Pennsylvania Medical Society
Member, Board of Trustees (2023 - 2024) 
Chair, Resident and Fellow Section (2022 - 2023)
Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates
     Delegate, Resident and Fellow Section (2022)
     Delegate, Philadelphia County Medical Society (2021)

Philadelphia County Medical Society
Member, Board of Trustees (2023 - 2024) 

Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Workforce on Surgical Treatment of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (2023 - 2026)
Workforce on Thoracic Surgery Resident Issues (2021 - 2024)
Looking to the Future Scholarship Selection Committee (2021 - 2022)

American Medical Association, Resident & Fellow Section
Committee on Business and Economics (2020 - 2023)

Thoracic Surgery Residents Association
Education Committee (2019 - present)

Medical Association of the State of Alabama
Board of Censors (2018 - 2019)
Chair, Student Section (2018 - 2019)

American Medical Association
Delegate, American Medical Association House of Delegates (2016 - 2017)
Interim Chair, Student Section, Southeastern Region (2017)
Vice Chair, Student Section, Southeastern Region (2016 - 2017)

National Society Memberships

Thoracic Surgery Residents Association (2019 - present)
Alpha Omega Alpha (Member, 2018 - present)
American Heart Association, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia (Member, 2017 - present)
Society of Thoracic Surgeons (Pre-Candidate Member 2016–2019; Resident/Fellow Member, 2019 - present)
American Medical Association (Member, 2015 - present)
Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (Pre-Candidate Member, 2016 - 2019)

Regional and Local Society Membership

Eastern Cardiothoracic Surgical Society (2022 - present)
Pennsylvania Medical Society (Member, 2019 - present)
Philadelphia County Medical Society (Member, 2019 - present)
Medical Association of the State of Alabama (Member, 2015 - 2019)
Jefferson County Medical Society, Alabama (Member, 2015 - 2019)

Awards

2023
Association for Clinical and Translational Science
1st Place Poster - “Surgical Creation of a Lymphovenous Anastomosis in a Swine Model to Treat Lymphatic Failure”

2019
Intern of the Month - University of Pennsylvania Department of Surgery


2019
Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society - University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine

2019
William Shamblin Surgery Award - University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine


2013
1st Team All-America - University of Oregon Lacrosse

2012
3rd Team All-America - University of Oregon Lacrosse


2011
“Be the One” Award for Leadership and Recruitment
MEDLIFE (Medicine, Education, and Development for Low-Income Families Everywhere)

Research

As an undergraduate at the University of Oregon, Dr. Smood studied the roles of VEGF and NFAT signaling in murine cardiovascular development. During this time, he was accepted into the Summer Program for Undergraduate Research that provided NIH R25 funding. These investigations served as the focus of his undergraduate honors thesis, which used small molecule inhibitors of VEGF and NFAT signaling combined with Thiouracil (TU)-tagging to characterize spatial and temporal transcriptional effects during cardiovascular development in mice. In medical school at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Dr. Smood conducted numerous translational and clinical research projects with the Division of Cardiovascular Biomedical Engineering, the Division of Xenotransplantation, and the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery with the John and James Kirklin Institute for Research in Surgical Outcomes (KIRSO). His clinical research with KRISO specifically focused on the natural history of the systemic right ventricle in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. He was awarded a Summer Intern Scholarship from the American Association for Thoracic Surgeons for his work in "Optimizing Artificial Pulsatility in Continuous Flow (CF-)VAD Flow Modulation" and was awarded an American Medical Association Seed Grant for Cardiovascular Disease Research for his work on “3D Modeling of Neointimal Hyperplasia”. Dr. Smood also received a scholarship from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia and was awarded the Koopman Medical Student Excellence in Research Award from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In his third and fourth years of medical school, he joined the Xenotransplantation program where he helped establish a pre-clinical model of “Composite Pig Islet-Kidney Grafts for Future Xenotransplantation”, while studying “Genetically Engineered Pigs as a Source for Blood Cell Transfusion”, for which he received the Presidential Student Mentor Grant from the American Society of Transplant Surgeons. As a cardiothoracic surgical resident at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Smood has received grants from the Congenital Heart Defects Coalition and American Association for Thoracic Surgeons while earning his Master’s Degree in Translational Research and characterizing the pathophysiology of lymphatic failure in swine. He now seeks to build upon the valuable knowledge and experience gained in his Master’s program as he pursues his PhD in Molecular and Cellular Biology.  

Publications

Original Publications

  1. Laje, P., Smood, B., Smith, C., Pinto, E., Krishnamurthy, G., Taha, D., Dori, Y., Maeda, K. Surgical creation of lymphocutaneous fistulas for the management of infants with central lymphatic obstruction. Pediatr Surg Int. 2023 [Accepted for Publication].
  2. Smood, B., Fowler, C., Rao, S., Genuardi, M., Sperry, A.E., Goel, N., Acker, A.M., et al. Subacute Groin Complications Related to ECMO Cannulation Are Associated with Longer Hospitalizations. J. Artif Ograns. 2022. 10.1007/s10047-022-01342-3. 
  3. Rizer, N.W., Smood, B., Mergler, B., Sperry, A.E., Bermudez, C.A., Gutsche, J.T., et al. Reduced Survival in Patients Requiring Chest Tubes with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. JTCVS Open. 2022. 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.03.008.
  4. Vinck, E.E., Smood, B., Barros, L., Palmen, M. Robotic cardiac surgery training during residency: Preparing residents for the inevitable future. Laparoscopic, Endoscopic, and Robotic Surgery. 2022;5:75-77.
  5. Patrick, W.L., Chen, Z., Han, J.J., Smood, B., et al. Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Benefit from SAVR with Surgical Ablation Compared to TAVR Alone.Cardiol Ther. 2022;10.1007/s40119-022-00262-w.
  6. Vinck, E.E., Vervoort, D., Tiwari, K.K., Kilic, A., Smood, B., et al. Destination left ventricular assist devices in island states: asking too much or the inevitable solution. Cardiothorac Surg. 2022; 10.1186/s43057-021-00065-0.
  7. Han, J.J., Patrick, W.L., Rao, A., Smood, B., et al. Populational Perceptions Regarding Decision to Visit the Emergency Room with Chest Pain During COVID-19. Cardiol Ther. 2022;1-13.
  8. Mavroudis, C.D., Smood, B., Grasty, M.A., Fuller, S., Desai, N.D. A Technique for Safe Redo Sternotomy in Patients with Aortic Proximity to the Sternum. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2022;13:89-91.
  9. Kelly, J.J., Han, J.J., Patrick, W.L., Mays, J.C., Iyengar, A., Helmers, M.R., Smood, B.F., Cevasco, M. Do-it-Yourself simulators and building a culture of practice in the vircual era. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Tech. 2021;8:100-111.
  10. Chang, P.G., Liang, S., Smood, B., Fann, J.I., Kilik, A. American Association for Thoracic Surgery Summer Intern Scholarship-Overa a decade of experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020. S0022-5223(21)01041-2.
  11. Fowler, C.C., Helmers, M.R., Smood, B, Iyengar, A., Patrick, W., Herbst, A.D., Altshuler, P., Han, J.J., Kelly, J., Atluri, P. The modified US heart allocation system improves transplant rates and decreases status upgrade utilization for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2021:S1053-2498(21)02393-7.
  12. Smood, B. Spratt, J.R., Mehaffey, J.H., Luc, J.G.Y., Vinck, E.E., Lehetinen, M.L., Wallen, T.J., Jenkinson, C.G., Kim, W., Kesieme, E.B., Helmers, M.R., Iyengar, A., Patrick, W.L., Han, J.J., Kelly, J.J., Watkins, A.A., Williams, M.L.COVID-19 and Cardiothoracic Surgical Training-Effects on Training and Workforce Utilization in a Global Pandemic. J Card Surg. 2021 [In Press].
  13. Kim, S.T., Helmers, M.R., Iyengar, A., Smood, B., Herbst, D.A., Patrick, W.L., Han, J.J., Altshuler, P., Atluri P. Assessing predicted heart mass size matching in obese heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2021;40(8):805-813.
  14. Han, J.J., Shin, M., Patrick, W.L., Rao, A., Olia, S.E., Helmers, M.R., Iyengar, A., Kelly, J.J., Smood, B., Gutsche, J.T., Bermudez, C., Cevasco, M. How Should ECMO Be Used Under Conditions of Severe Scarcity? A Population Study of Public Perception. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021:S1053-0770(21)00471-7.
  15. Kelly, J., Iyengar, A., Patrick, W., Helmers, M., Smood, B., Han, J. Cardiac Suregry Simmulation - Part II: Cannulation. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg. 2021.
  16. Han, J.J., Mays, J.C., Iyengar, A., Luc, J.G.Y., Patrick, W.L., Helmers, M.R., Smood, B., Kelly, J.J., Williams, M.L., Szeto, W.Y., Cevasco, M. Wisdom from Past Presidents of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021: S0003-4975(21)00734-7.
  17. Smood, B., Han, J.J., Helmers, M.R., Atluri, P. Invited Expert Opinion: Mitral and Aortic Valve Surgery During Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021: S0022-5223(21)00523-7.
  18. Han, J.J., Mays, J.C., Sukhavasi, A., Patrick, W.L., Helmers, M.R., Iyengar, A., Smood, B., Kelly, J.J., Williams, M.L., Szeto, W.Y., Cevasco, M. Characteristics and Attitudes of Aspiring Cardiothoracic Surgeons: A Survey Study. Ann Thorac Surg S0003-4975(21)00226-5, 2021.
  19. Mavroudis, C.D., Ko, T.S., Volks, L.E., Smood, B., Delso, N., Hallowell, T., Morgan, R.W., Lynch, J.M., Davarajan, M., Boorady, T.W., Melchior, R.W., Rosenthal, T.M., Licht, D.J., Chen, J.M., Gaynor, J.W., Mascio, C.E., Kilbaugh, T.J. Does supply meet demand? A comparison of perfusion strategies on maintaining cerebral metabolic demand while minimizing mitochondrial oxidative injury in a neonatal swine model. J Thorac Cardiovsc Surg, 2020 [E-pub ahead of print].
  20. Kelly, J., Iyengar, A., Patrick, W., Helmers, M., Smood, B., Han, J. Cardiac Surgery Simulation - Part 1: Basic Surgical Skills. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg. 2020 Dec 21;2020.
  21. Mavroudis, C.D., Ko, T.S., Ryan, R.W., Volk, L.E., Landis, W.P., Smood, B., Xiao, R., Hefti, M., Boorady, T.W., Marques, A., Karlsson, M., Licht, D.J., Nadkarni, V.M., Berg, R.A., Sutton, R.M., Kilbaugh, T.J. Epinephrine improves cerevrovacsular and systemic hemodynamics in a pre-clinical model of pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care 24:583, 2020.
  22. Helmers, M.R., Kim, S.T., Altshuler, P., Han, J.J., Iyengar, A., Kelly, J., Smood, B., Hargrove, W.C., Atluri, P. Mitral Valve Surgery in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients: Is Minimally Invasive Surgery Safe? Ann Thorac Surg S0003-4975(20)31550-1, 2020.
  23. Patrick, W.L., Bojko, M., Han, J.J., Iyengar, A., Helmers, M., Smood, B., McCarthy, F.H., Williams, M.L. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status is Associated with Differences in Operative Management and Long-term Survival Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. J Thorac Cardiovsc Surg S0022-5223(20)32391-6, 2020.
  24. Gist, K.M., Henry, B.M., Borasino, S., Rahman, F., Hock, K., Smood, B., Mosher, Z., Alten, J.A. Peritoneal Dialysis after the Arterial Switch Operation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann Thorac Surg S0003-4975(20)30757-8, 2020.
  25. Magruder, J.T., Suzuki, Y., Sperry, A., Vasquez, C.R., Smood, B., Grimm, J.C., Atluri, P., Bermudez, B., Acker, M.A., Wald, J.W., Cantu, E., Cevasco, M. Multiorgan procurement is associated with a survival benefit after heart transplantation Clin Transplant e13901; 2020.
  26. Smood, B., Nguyen, S.N., Benkert, A., Han, J.J. Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery: Navigating Interviews and the Match. J Thorac Cardiovsc Surg pii: S0022-5223(20)30509-2, 2020.
  27. Magruder, J., Sperry, A., Vasquez, C.R., Smood, B.F., Grimm, J.C., Atluri, P., Bermudez, C., Acker, M.A., Wald, J.W., Suzuki, Y., Cevasco, M. Impact of Multiorgan Procurement on Survival Following Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 39:S266-S267, 2020 [Abstract].
  28. Iyengar, A., Han, J., Helmers, M., Altshuler, P., Kelly, J., Chung, J., Smood, B., Acker, M.A., Birati, E.Y., Atulri, P. Impact of Changes in the US Heart Allocation System on Waitlist Mortality and Listing Practices. J Heart Lung Transplant 39:S175, 2020 [Abstract].
  29. Han, J.J., Iyengar, A., Kelly, J., Helmers, M., Patrick, W., Smood B., Birati, E.Y., Atluri, P. Increase in Donor Organ Ischemic Time and Travel Distance after the Implementation of the New Heart Allocation System. J Heart Lung Transplant 39:S174, 2020 [Abstract].
  30. Smood, B., Nguyen, S.N., Kelly, J.J., Han, J.J. Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery: Developing a Successful Residency Application. J Thorac Cardiovsc Surg pii: S0022-5223(19)32218-4. 2019.
  31. Smood, B., Bottino, R., Hara, H., Cooper, D.K.C. Is the renal subcapsular space the preferred site for clinical porcine islet xenotransplantation? Review Article. Int J Surg 69:100-107, 2019.
  32. Raulston, J.E.B., Smood, B., Moellinger, A., Heinemann, A., Smith, N., Borasino, S., Law, M.A., Alten, J.A. Aspiration After Congenital Heart Surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 40:1296-1303, 2019.
  33. Smood, B., Hara, H., Cleveland, D., Cooper, D.K.C.: In Search of the Ideal Valve: Optimizing Genetic Modifications to Prevent Bioprosthetic Degeneration. Ann Thorac Surg 108:624-635, 2019.
  34. Smood, B., Hara, H., Schoel, L.J., Cooper, D.K.C.: Genetically-engineered pigs as sources for clinical red blood cell transfusion: What pathobiological barriers need to be overcome? Blood Rev S0268-960X, 2019.
  35. Smood, B., Kirklin, J.K., Pavnica, J., Tresler, M., Johnson Jr, W.H., Cleveland, D.C., Mauchley, D.C., Dabal, R.J.: Congenitally Corrected Transposition Presenting in the First Year of Life: Survival and Fate of the Systemic Right Ventricle. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 10:42-49, 2019.
  36. Haglund, T.A., Rajasekaran, N.S., Smood, B., Giridharan, G.A., Hoopes, C.W., Holman, W.L., Mauchley, D.C., Prabhu, S.D., Pamboukian, S.V., Tallaj, J.A., Rajapreyar, I.N., Kirklin, J.K., Sethu, P.: Evaluation of flow-modulation approaches in ventricular assist devices using an in-vitro endothelial cell culture model. J Heart Lung Transplant S1053-2498, 2018.
  37. Cerfolio, R.J., Smood, B., Ghanim, A., Townsley, M.M., Downing, M.: Decreasing Time to Place and Teach Double-Lumen Endotracheal Intubation: Engaging Anesthesia in Lean. Ann Thorac Surg 106:1512-1518, 2018.
  38. Smood, B., Ghanim, A., Wei, B., Cerfolio, R.J.: Technical and operational modifications required for evolving robotic programs performing anatomic pulmonary resection. J Robot Surg 12:529-534, 2018.
  39. Smood, B.: A Eulogy for Our Anatomical Donors. MedEdPublish 7:1-14, 2018.
  40. Smood, B., Kirklin, J.K., Pavnica, J., Tresler, M., Johnson Jr, W.H., Dabal, R., Mauchley, D., Cleveland, D.C.: Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries Presenting in the First Year of Life: Survival and Long-Term Fate of the Systemic Right Ventricle. Circulation 136:A15542,  2017 [Abstract].
  41. Ghanim, A., Smood, B., Martinez, J., Morris, M.S., Porterfield, J.R.: Mesh Migration into the J-Pouch in a Paitent with Post-Ulcerative Colitis Colectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Surg 2017:3617476, 2017. 

Collaborations and Acknowledgements

  1. Reyes, L.F., Murthy, S., Garcia-Gallo, E., et al. Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):276.
  2. ISARIC Clinical Characterization Group, Garcia-Gallo, E., Merson, L., et al. ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Sci Data. 2022;9(1):454.
  3. Li Bassi, G., Gibbons, K., Suen, J.Y., Dalton, HJ.., White, N., Corley, A., et al. Early short course of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with COVID-19 ARDS: a propensity score analysis. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):141.
  4. Urner, M., Barnett A.G., Li Bassi, L., Brodie, D., Dalton HJ, Ferguson ND, et al. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute covid-19 associated respiratory failure: comparative effectiveness study. BMJ. 2022;377:e068723. ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group, Hall MD, Baruch J, et al. Ten months of temporal variation in the clinical journey of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: An observational cohort. Elife. 2021;10:e70970.
  5. ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group. The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21:1623-1624.
  6. ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group. COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study. Infection. 2021:1-17.
  7. Li Bassi, G., Suen, J.Y., Dalton, H.J., et al. COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium. An appraisal of respiratory system compliance in mechanically ventilated covid-19 patients. Crit Care. 2021:25(1):199.
  8. Lee, T. and Vikas, B. (Eds.) First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018, McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, 2018.

Invited Commentaries

  1. Han, J.J., Smood, B., Atluri, P. Commentary: Vita nova or vanitas? Outcomes in cardiac retransplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg S0022-5223(20)32174-7. 
  2. Iyengar, A., Smood, B.F., Atluri, P. Commentary: Fear of rejection: Acute cellular rejection after ventricular assist device placement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg S0022-5223(20)32002-X.
  3. Han, J.J., Smood, B., Atluri, P. Commentary: Transitioning to Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair-Navigating the Gauntlet. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg S1043-0679(20)30220-3.

Textbook Chapters

  1. Tompkins, B.A., Smood, B., Mettler, B.A. Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD). In: Thoracic Surgery Residents Association Review of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ed. 3. 2021. [In Press].
  2. Smood, B., Helmers, M.R., Han, J.J., Atluri, P. Surgical Replacement of the Mitral Valve. Goldman, S., Gray, W.A. (Eds.). In: Mitral Valve Disease and Its Treatments: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Elsevier, Inc. [In Press].
  3. Smood, B., Usman, A.A., Helmers, M., Bermudez, C., Milewski, R.K. The Genesis and Evolution of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. In: The History of Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): From Start to COVID. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. [In Press].
  4. Smood, B., Woods, M., Han, J.J., Bermudez, C., Milewski, R.K. An Introduction to VA-ECMO: Physiology, Indications, and Principles of Management. In: The History of Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): From Start to COVID. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. [In Press].
  5. Smood, B., Bottino, R., Cooper, D.K.C. Xenotransplantation of the Endocrine Pancreas (Chapter 31). Gruesner, R., Piemonti, L., Stratta, R., Ricordi, C. (Eds.). In: Transplantation, Bioengineering, and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas, Volume 2. Elsevier/Academic Press, Cambridge, 2020: 423-446.

Multimedia

  1. Smood, B., Fuller, S. Adult Congenital Heart Disease-The Failing Fontan. Thoracic Surgery Residents Assocaition. September 2020. Available at: https://soundcloud.com/tsrapodcast
  2. Smood, B., Stephenson, D. How Has COVID-19 Affected My Residency? The Southern Medical Association. September 2020. Available at: https://sma.org/podcasts/how-has-covid-19-affected-my-residency/ 
  3. Smood, B., Vaporciyan, A. Cardiothoracic Surgical Training During COVID-19. Thoracic Surgery Residents Assocaition. May 2020. Available at: https://soundcloud.com/tsrapodcast/career-covid19-training-ara-vaporciyan-ben-smood

Healthcare Policy Authorship

  1. Resolution 22-511: “Analyzing the Financial Components of Graduate Medical Education in Pennsylvania to Ensure that Resident and Fellow Physician Compensation Equitably Reflects Their Workforce Contributions”. Pennsylvania Medical Association, Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates, 2022.
  2. Resolution 22-411: “Encouraging Healthier Communities by Promoting Civic Engagement”. Pennsylvania Medical Association, Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates, 2022.
  3. Report on “Comparing Student Debt, Earnings, Work Hours, and Career Satisfaction Metrics in Physicians v. Other Health Professionals”. Committee on Business and Economics, Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates, 2022.
  4. Policy D-440.918: “COVID-19 Vaccination Rollout to Emergency Departments and Urgent Care Facilities”. Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates, 2021.
  5. Policy H-350.956: “Increasing Access to Healthcare Insurance for Refugee Populations”. Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates, 2017.
  6. Policy D-145.994: “Removing Restrictions on Federal Funding for Firearm Violence Research”. Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates, 2016.
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